Contactless Conductivity Applications

Capacitively-Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (C4D) can be used for virtually all charged species: inorganic anions and cations, as well as organic ions, such as carboxylic acids, amines, amino acids, peptides, proteins, DNA fragments, antibiotics and many other pharmaceutical compounds. Tagging or other modification of the analytes is usually NOT required, while limits of detection are often comparable to, or sometimes even better, than UV-visible absorption techniques.


Below is a list of older citations covering C4D. For newer citations, have a look in the Applications tab of the product webpages like the

ER815

ER815 Contactless Conductivity Detector
  • For electrophoresis and chromatography techniques
  • Works with both eDAQ and third-party software
  • Wide settings range for optimum conductivity detection

ER825

ER825 Multi-Channel Contactless Conductivity Detector
  • Multichannel Configurable Chemistry Workstation
  • One to eight input channels
  • Use with either third-party or eDAQ software
  • Measure pH, temperature or other detector signals

Citations

  • Monitoring of nitrite, nitrate, chloride and sulfate in environmental samples using electrophoresis microchips coupled with contactless conductivity detection.   Camilla Benevides Freitas, Roger Cardoso Moreira, Maria Gizelda de Oliveira Tavares and Wendell K. T. Coltro.   Talanta 147, 335–341, 2016.  DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.075
  • Electric field-driven extraction of lipophilic anions across a carrier-mediated polymer inclusion membrane.   Hong Heng See, Peter C. Hauser.   Analytical Chemistry, 83, 7507-13, 2011.   DOI: 10.1021/ac201772g
  • Optimization of capillary electrophoresis method with contactless conductivity detection for the analysis of tobramycin and its related substances.   Mohamed N. El-Attug, Jos Hoogmartens, Erwin Adams, Ann Van Schepdael.   Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 58, 49–57, 2012.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.032
  • Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the determination of cis/trans isomers of octadec-9-enoic acid and other long chain fatty acids.   Yong Foo Wong, Bahruddin Saad, Ahmad Makahleh.   Journal of Chromatography A, 1290, 82-90, 2013.   DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.014
  • Referenced Capacitively Coupled Conductivity Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis.   Marko Stojkovic, Boris Schlensky, Peter C. Hauser.   Electroanalysis, 2013. DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300413
  • The analysis of small ions with physiological implications using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.   Ioan-Ovidiu Neaga, Bogdan Cezar Iacob, Ede Bodoki.   Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2014.   DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825862
  • Study on urinary metabolic profile of phenylketonuria by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with dual electrochemical detection.   Dongli Zhang, Wenli Li, Junbo Zhang, Wanrong Tang, Chenxu Qian, Minghao Feng, Qingcui Chu, Jiannong Ye.   Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011.   DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.044
  • Flow injection determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.   Ahmad Makahleh, Bahruddin Saad.   Analytica Chimica Acta, 694, 90–94, 2011.   DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.033
  • Determination of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle biopsy samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.   Hong Heng See, Julia Schmidt-Marzinkowski, Worapan Pormsila, Réjane Morand, Stephan Krähenbühl, Peter C. Hauser.   Analytica Chimica Acta, 727, 78-82, 2012.   DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.055
  • Determination of underivatized long chain fatty acids using RP-HPLC with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.   Ahmad Makahleh, Bahruddin Saad, Gan Hui Siang, Muhammad Idiris Saleh, Hasnah Osman, Baharuddin Salleh.   Talanta, 81, 20-24, 2010.   DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.11.030
  • Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection as an alternative detection mode in CE for the analysis of kanamycin sulphate and its related substances.   Mohamed N. El-Attug, Erwin Adams, Jos Hoogmartens, Ann Van Schepdael.   Journal of Separation Science,34, 2448–2454, 2011.   DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100267
  • Simultaneous determination of atenolol and amiloride in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.   Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Bahruddin Saad, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein.   Biomedical Chromatography, 24, 948-53, 2010.   DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1390
  • Suspension Catalysis in Slug Flow Microreactor – Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mass Transfer.  Frederik Scheiff, Frank Neemann, Sylwia J. Tomasiak, Prof. David W. Agar.  Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 86, 4, 504–518, 2014.  DOI: 10.1002/cite.201300131
  • Exploring the possibilities of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in combination with liquid chromatography for the analysis of polar compounds using aminoglycosides as test case. Péter Jankovicsa, Shruti Chopraa, Mohamed N. El-Attuga, Deirdre Cabootera, Kris Wolfsa, Béla Noszálb, Ann Van Schepdaela, Erwin Adams.  Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.  2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.015
  • Contactless Conductivity: An HPLC Method to Analyze Degree of Methylation of Pectin.  Gary A. Luzio, and Randall Cameron. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 123, 213–216. 2010.

Older Citations

The C4D Data System and C4D Detector are based on a design originally conceived by Professor Peter Hauser and co-workers at the University of Basel. Application areas are described in the research papers below.

Simple Inorganic Ions

  • Analysis of electroplating baths by capillary electrophoresis with high voltage contactless conductivity detection. Ling Zhang, Shokooh S. Khaloo, Pavel Kubán, and Peter C. Hauser, Measurement Science and Technology, 17, 3317-3322, 2006.
  • Determination of major inorganic ions in blood serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Qi Jin Wan, Pavel Kubán, Jatisai Tanyanyiwa, Andrea Rainelli, and Peter C. Hauser, Analytica Chimica Acta, 525, 11-16, 2004.
  • Application of a contactless conductivity detector to the determination of inorganic ions in ion chromatography. Pavel Kubán, Marcel A. Müri and Peter C. Hauser, The Analyst, 129, 82-86, 2004.
  • On-site simultaneous determination of anions and cations in drainage water using a fl ow injection-capillary electrophoresis system with contactless conductivity detection. Pavel Kubán, Miriam Reinhardt, Beat Müller and Peter C. Hauser, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 6, 169-174, 2004.
  • High-voltage contactless conductivity detection of metal ions in capillary electrophoresis. Jatisai Tanyanyiwa, and Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 23, 3781-3786, 2002.
  • Study of the determination of inorganic arsenic species by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. H.T. Nguyen, P. Kubán, V.H. Pham, and P.C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 28, 3500-3506, 2007.
  • Simple organic molecules
  • Determination of different classes of amines with capillary zone electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection. Xiao Yang Gong, Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 27, 468-473, 2006.
  • Enantiomeric separation of underivatized small amines in conventional and on-chip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Xiao Yang Gong, and Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 27, 4375-4382, 2006.
  • Contactless conductivity detection of selected organic ions in on-chip electrophoresis. Jatisai Tanyanyiwa, Eva M. Abad-Villar, Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 25, 903-908, 2004.
  • High-voltage contactless conductivity detection of underivatized amino acids in capillary electrophoresis. Jatisai Tanyanyiwa, Karin Schweizer, and Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 24, 2119-2124, 2003.
  • Monitoring of enzymatic reactions using conventional and on-chip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. A. Schuchert-Shi, P. Kubán, P.C.Hauser, Electrophoresis, 28, 4690-4696, 2007.
  • Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for low molecular weight organic acids in different samples. W.S. Law, J.H. Zhao, P.C. Hauser, S.F. Yau Li, Journal of Separation Sciences, 30, 3247-3254, 2007.

Pharmaceuticals and biomolecules

  • Determination of chlorhexidine digluconate and polyhexamethylene biguanide in eye drops by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Eva M Abad-Villar, Susanne F. Etter; Michael A. Thiel, and Peter C. Hauser, Analytica Chimica Acta, 561, 133-137, 2006
  • Evaluation of the detection of biomolecules in capillary electrophoresis by contactless conductivity measurement. Eva M. Abad-Villar, Pavel Kubán, Peter C. Hauser, Journal of Separation Science, 29, 1031-1037, 2006.
  • Detection of Human Immunoglobulin in Microchip and Conventional Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Measurements. Eva M. Abad-Villar, Jatisai Tanyanyiwa, M. Teresa Fernández-Abedul, Agustín Costa-Garcí, and Peter C. Hauser, Analytical Chemistry, 76, 1282-1288, 2004.
  • Direct determination of valproic acid in biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Gamze Kavran Belin, Stephan Krähenbühlb and Peter C. Hauser, Journal of Chromatography B, 847, 205-209, 2007.
  • Evaluation of contactless conductivity detection for the determination of UV absorbing and non-UV absorbing species in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Pavel Kubán, Eva Maria Abad-Villar and Peter C. Hauser, Journal of Chromatography A, 1107, 159-164, 2006.
  • Determination of tobramycin in human serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Wai Siang Law, Pavel Kubán, Ling Ling Yuan, Jian Hong Zhao, Sam Fong Yau Li, and Peter C. Hauser, Electrophoresis, 27, 1932-1938, 2007.
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